what are the difference between various patterns in terms of Association, Aggregation nd Composition?

I learnt various patterns and understood its use cases but still having some doubt while thinking about Associations and Aggregation and composition...

for example when I look Adapter, bridge, observer, iterator, templates and remaining all patterns....I got clear idea about the use cases when that can be used exactly, but when I look the example implementation, majority of that patterns uses inheritance, interface, abstract classes and virtual concepts, I am not able to find the scenario when I can say that this pattern only will be fit to use...

what are the difference between them when we think of the terms I have mentioned in head line???

if you can explain by difference of adapter, bridge, iterator, memento, interpreter, template then also it will be fine.