Correlation/Pattern Recognition in Lists [closed]

I am looking for algorithms to find pattern or more precise correlations in lists compared to an Output. Let us assume I have a Database like this:

1. Input: [A,C,D,E...], Output: Positive
2. Input: [A,B,C,E,F...], Output: Negative

The Problem is that the distinct Input values are roughly 1000 and not just 6 like in my example (A-F). The output is binary though.

Do you know of any algorithm that detects correlations in the Inputs to finally detect the most critical Inputs that lead to a Positive Output?