vendredi 1 mai 2020

How to make a BFS traversal over a Binary Tree using the Iterator design pattern

I'm trying to implement the iterator design pattern on a binary tree to perform an iterative BFS traversal, this is what I've done:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <queue>

template<class T>class Node {
private:
    T data = 0;
    std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> left_ptr = nullptr;
    std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> right_ptr = nullptr;

public:
    Node(T data = 0, std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> left_ptr = nullptr, std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> right_ptr = nullptr)
        : data(data), left_ptr(left_ptr), right_ptr(right_ptr)
    {
        // std::cout << "created " << data << "\n";
    }

    ~Node() {
        // std::cout << "deleted " << data << "\n";
    }

    T getData() {
        return data;
    }

    std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>& getLeftNode() {
        return left_ptr;
    }

    std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>& getRightNode() {
        return right_ptr;
    }
};

template<class T>class Tree {
private:
    std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> root = nullptr;

public:
    Tree()
        : root(nullptr)
    { /* empty */ }

    ~Tree() {
        trim(root);
    }

    void addNode(T value) {
        addNode(root, value);
    }

    void preorder() {
        if(!root) {
            std::cout << "preorder::The tree is empty\n";
        } else {
            preorder(root);

            std::cout << "\n";
        }
    }

    void bfs() {
        if(!root) {
            std::cout << "bfs::The tree is empty\n";
        } else {
            bfs(root);

            std::cout << "\n";
        }
    }

    class Iterator {
    private:
        std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node;
        std::queue<std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>> q;

    public:
        Iterator(std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node = nullptr)
            : node(node)
        {
            q.push(node);
        }

        Iterator(std::queue<std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>> q)
            : q(q)
        {

        }

        bool hasMore() {
            return !q.empty();
        }

        Iterator getNext() {
            if(!q.empty()) {
                std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> p = q.front();
                q.pop();

                if (p->getLeftNode()) {
                    q.push(p->getLeftNode());
                }

                if (p->getRightNode()) {
                    q.push(p->getRightNode());
                }
            }

            return Iterator(q);
        }

        T getData() {
            return node->getData();
        }
    };

    Iterator begin() const {
        return Iterator(root);
    }

private:
    void addNode(std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>& node, T value) {
        if(!node) {
            node = std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>(new Node<T>(value));
        } else {
            if(value < node->getData()) {
                addNode(node->getLeftNode(), value);
            } else if(value > node->getData()) {
                addNode(node->getRightNode(), value);
            } else {
                std::cout << "This tree does not admit duplicates\n";
            }
        }
    }

    void preorder(std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node) {
        if(node) {
            std::cout << node->getData() << "->";
            preorder(node->getLeftNode());
            preorder(node->getRightNode());
        }
    }

    void bfs(std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node) {
        // Base Case
        if (!node)  return;

        // Create an empty queue for level order tarversal
        std::queue<std::shared_ptr<Node<T>>> q;

        // Enqueue Root and initialize height
        q.push(root);

        while (!q.empty()) {
            // Print front of queue and remove it from queue
            std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node = q.front();
            std::cout << node->getData() << "->";
            q.pop();

            if (node->getLeftNode()) {
                q.push(node->getLeftNode());
            }

            if (node->getRightNode()) {
                q.push(node->getRightNode());
            }
        }
    }

    void trim(std::shared_ptr<Node<T>> node) {
        if(node) {
            trim(node->getLeftNode());
            trim(node->getRightNode());
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    Tree<int> tree;

    tree.addNode(2);
    tree.addNode(1);
    tree.addNode(3);
    tree.addNode(4);
    tree.addNode(5);

    tree.preorder();
    tree.bfs();

    Tree<int>::Iterator it = tree.begin();

    while(it.hasMore()) {
        std::cout << it.getData() << "->";
        it.getNext();
    }

    std::cout << "\n";


    return 0;
}

Output

2->1->3->4->5->
2->1->3->4->5->
2->2->2->2->2->

So, acording to this output the first one is a recursive preoder traversal, the second one is iterative BFS and the last one sould be the IteratorBFS... but I'm a litte bit confused here... how to change the to the next value?

TNKS!!!

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