lundi 21 septembre 2015

Prolog Design Pattern to extend module predicates

Imagine we have the familytree module below (simple example) :

:- module(familytree, [         
        father/2,
        mother/2,
        %[...]    
    ]).    

father(X,Y) :- male(X),parent(X,Y).
father(unknown, _) :- male(unknown).

mother(X,Y) :- female(X),parent(X,Y).
mother(unknown, _) :- female(unknown).

sister(X,Y) :- female(X),parent(Z,X),parent(Z,Y), X \= Y.

%[... other relation predicates ... ]

I want to use this module predicates with different "dbs", for examples with :

:- module(familytree_xyz, []).

male(james).
male(fred).
male(mike).

female(betty).
female(sandra).    

parent(james, fred).
parent(betty, fred).

Or :

:- module(familytree_simpson, []).

male(homer).
male(bart).

female(marge).
female(lisa).

parent(homer, bart).
%[...]


I need :

  • to choose db on runtime, not on compilation.
  • to use one or more dbs in same time.
  • to extend db, for eg. create a “familytree_simpson_extended” db module with other Simpson family members extending “familytree_simpson” db module (see above example)
  • to be swi-prolog compliant.

For now, I tried to play with term_expansion/2, discontiguous/1, multifile/1, dynamic/1 and thread_local/1 directives, but :

  • term_expansion/2 seems only usable on compile time,
  • discontiguous/1, multifile/1, not adapted,
  • dynamic dbs in prolog are seen as an “Evil” practice, however lot of packages and libraries use its (pengines, broadcast module,http lib, for examples).
  • thread_local/1 is not very documented and seems not often used in prolog source code (swi-prolog).

With playing with dynamic predicate, I update previous code as follow :

%familytree.pl
:- module(familytree, [
        familytree_cleanup_db/0,
        familytree_use_db/1,
        %[... previous declarations ...]        
    ]).

dynamic male/1, female/1, parent/2.

familytree_cleanup_db :- 
    retractall(male/1), 
    retractall(female/1),
    retractall(parent/2).

familytree_use_db(ModuleName) :- 
    assert(male(X) :- ModuleName:male(X)),
    assert(female(X) :- ModuleName:female(X)),
    assert(parent(X,Y) :- ModuleName:parent(X,Y)).

%[... previous predicates ...]  

And :

%main.pl    
% use familytree tool predicates
:- use_module(familytree).

%load all familytree dbs at compile time.
:- use_module(familytree_xyz).
:- use_module(familytree_simpson).
:- use_module(familytree_simpson_extended).

main_xyz:- 
    familytree_cleanup_db,
    familytree_use_db(familytree_xyz),
    process.        

main_simpson_all :-
    familytree_cleanup_db,
    familytree_use_db(familytree_simpson),
    familytree_use_db(familytree_simpson_extended),
    process.

process :-
    findall(X, father(X,_), Xs),
    write(Xs).

And it's ok to use with different db as follow :

?- main_simpson_all.
[homer,homer,abraham]
true.
?- main_xyz.
[james]
true.


So, sorry for the length of the post. Questions :

  1. What are the criteria, pros/cons to consider with this dynamic predicates solution ? is it a good solution ?

  2. What are the best practice / specific design pattern for prolog to do that in a clean / robust code ?**

  3. What's about using thread_local/1 instead dynamic/1 and encapsulate call to new thread to avoid cleanup db?

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