splitting tasks to categories

I have a class (lets call it checker) and diffrent kind of classes that execute tasks (lets call them tasks). each tasks belongs to several categories

each task runs and at some point asks checker if they are allowed to do something. checker answers according to system state and according to their category. a task can be in multiple categories

how would you implement that? (cpp but I don't really think its language specific).

I was thinking adding a list of categories in each task and have a function that gets a category and answers if the task belongs to it.

class checker {
    bool is_allowed(Task * task);
}

class Task
{
    bool is_belongging_to_category(Category cat);
    void some_task_to_do()
    {
        ...
        if (checker::is_allowed(this)) { ....}
        else {....}
    }
}

Is there a better way to solve this? Maybe some known design pattern...