Is there any pattern dor changing state of the object on schedule?

The situation is following:

• I need to keep a lot of objects (let's say Food) in database (in my case it's MySQL).
• Each object has a property State which is enumerable taking one of "FRESH", "STALE" or "SPOILED".
• Each object changes its state according some schedule. For instance, an object Bottle of milk is created with FRESH state, but after 2 days it becomes STALE, then after next 3 days it becomes SPOILED.

The question is: is there any pattern that allows me to control states of objects and change them accordingly? For instance, I can run some script every 30 minutes, select all the objects, inspect their states and change them. But this approach looks suboptimal, I'm trying to find out something better.