Is there any architecture or framework support for the Android developer?

Basically, I'm a web developer. I worked with few years of experience. Nowadays, I am developing an android application for my university course. I found this article that makes me thoughtful. My curious my mind wants to know -

1. Is there any design pattern/architecture or framework support like MVC that are useful for the Android developer?

2. How code fragmentation is done in development for common materials like header-footer?