Confused about Artificial Inteligence

I'm really interested in A.I, but I'm confused; I read this article:

http://ift.tt/1pwKc42

It breaks down a complex A.I algorithm to an simple FSM, but isn't a A.I supposed to learn, in this article the transitions from state to state are simple conditions, i see nothing where this I.A is supposed to learn, this transitions are hardcoded, why the author calls it A.I ?

The same with behaviour tree, it's basically the same concept but different, self-contained collection of states for example this article:

http://ift.tt/2qNPpOg

I think the only one's that learn are neural networks, or not?

Between is a neural network a A.I and a A.I a neural network, or is it not the same?

I think A.I is a "Category" and a neural network a more specific A.I.

I hope I get this questions solved, I'm really confused.

Thank you all for reading!