how is jQuery able to call an object $

1. If $ is an object then how is jQuery able to call it with parenthesis (), like $('#MYdIV'). That is my first and most important question.

2. I am trying to learn design patterns, and underlaying mechanisms of creating an object. So I want to make library that when user type myLibrary({option1:true}); he would be able to instantiate an object without using keyword new.Just like jquery and this: http://ift.tt/1P5dMwG In this example he is not using keyword new nor this. He is just creating IIFE animate which returns another function with the same name. I don't know how is he able to do that. Is animate bound to global object?