The best design pattern to define steps of business logic

I need create define some logical steps, where each step will contains a lot of lines logic, so I would like split it into separate modules which will be chained. In the beginning I need define empty response object which will be modified by modules.

I also would like to share some data, because many of modules need read these same data from database, so I'm thinking about reading it once, and pass to all modules. Can you give me advice what is the best design pattern for that purpose? I am thinking about chain, but I will be grateful for any better solution. Thank you.