UI Design pattern / technology for monitoring when an async process finishes

My frontend kicks off an async process with an http POST.

By whatever means, (kafka, threading, database insert and another system monitoring the table), some process is completed after an unknown amount of time and finishes in some quantifiable way (you can make a http call and determine if its done or not).

Are there any design patterns/technologies for notifying the frontend without it having to make repeated requests to some service?