All about C memory management

I want to move on from writing small one/two/three-filed C programs to slightly larger C projects. For that I really want to get the memory management right. Now I know that similar questions have been asked, but they won't quite answer mine. I know some of the theory already and put it to use. Therefore I'd like to present what I know or think to know and you correct me or add information I miss.

1. There is the stack, static memory and the heap

   static int n;                               // goes to static memory, thread lifetime
   char *array = malloc(256 * sizeof(*array)); // goes to heap, needs free(array)
   
   func(int n) {
       float f;         // goes to stack, dies with func return
       static double d; // thread lifetime again
   }
   
   

2. Static memory can't overflow since it's set for all static variables, however heap and stack can overflow, heap overflows when non allocated memory is accessed in most cases, stack is set to ~1MB Windows or ~8MB Linux, if that is exhausted (I got a message "core dumped" on my Ubuntu for setting up an array of structs for every pixel of an image on the stack)

Does static, stack and heap memory behave like this in every scope? I know heap memory does. But does a global non static array of structs go on the stack? What if I have a static array in file b where there is no main? Goes on to static memory right? And what is if a function has a local static variable with initialized value? Is it initialized everytime i call the function? and do functions take from the stack? How to avoid exhausting the stack in large programs with long lifed stack variables and plenty of them? And most of all, where do string literals go?? They are supposed to be pointers not arrays, but if i change the pointer what happens to the original string? One more thing: It always bothers me how it looks straight up bad practise to write code like

         if(!strcmp(a, "comparethis")) do ...

or

         fprintf(stderr, "There was a problem .... %d", something);

Is it good to include string literals anyway or rather read them from a file or whatnot?

Finally, sorry if my grammar failed me here and there but this was written in a fast manner. Thanks for reading and please no hate. Outline my mistakes, don't judge them, if I can ask that much. I wanna improve and fast.

Have a good day anyway.