Problems with application design

I want to learn how to design good applications: how to divide application into classes, how to organize good communication between them. The most complex for me how is organization of UI programs: how to organize communitaion between worker class (thead) with ui class (thread) and still have good code partition and structure, how to name all this classes informatively. I know about MVC but knowing that pattern doesn't give me any kind of designing skills. Literature on this topic is too abstract: all these Wikipedia articles about KISS, SOLID, GoF patterns are not giving any profit. I want to see samples of well-designed applications on Github. Cool projects in top are very complex, so I cannot see structure behind all dozens of code.
Please give me few advices on how to learn how to design good applications and give some links to sources of small and well-designed projects (desirable C++ and some UI, but not required).