Some specific Architectural or Design Patterns?

Please do not close the question marking it as a dup before reading entirely my set of specific queries, as i am sincerely trying to connect few dots here...

1. Is MVC, an architectural or a design pattern? Likewise, any MV*?

2. Are Design Patterns, platform or programming language dependent?, because recently while learning, i have read full-lengh articles and blog posts which mention the languages they are used in.

   e.g. Core JAVA, JavaScript & Enterprise JAVA etc.. Does it mean we can't implement 1 pattern in the other language? Is it like few Design patterns are only for JavaScript front-end, while others only for Core & Enterprise JAVA (Web apps specially) backend?

   We also know already that MVC can be achieved at both, front & back ends e.g. using Angular & Spring frameworks, respectively...

3. Also, can Pub/Sub & Observer Patterns only be implemented in JavaScript? How is Event-bus driven architecture different from them? Since we already know that Node.JS internally uses Pub/Sub & also is Event-bus driven...

4. Also, do we already have in-built programming constructs in both JAVA & JavaScript, which implement such patterns or allow us to use them to achieve those patterns?

5. Also, what are some of the most important or significant & must-know Architectural &/or Design Patterns for enhancing my career