What are the differences between Decorator, Wrapper and Adapter patterns?

I feel like I've been using these pattern families quite many times, however, for me it's hard to see the differences as their definitions are quite similar. Basicaly it seems like all of them is about wrapping another object or objects to extend or wrap their behavior with extra stuff.

For a quick example implementing a caching mechanism over a repository pattern seems to be this situation.

public interface IRepository {
  IEnumerable<T> GetItems<T>();
}

public class EntityFrameworkRepository : IRepository {
  ...
}

public class CachedRepository : IRepository {

  private IRepository _repository;
  private ICacheProvider _cache;

  public CachedRepository(IRepository repository, ICacheProvider cache) {
    this._repository = repository;
    this._cache = cache;
  }

  public IEnumerable<T> GetItems<T>() {
    ...
  }
}

Which one of these patterns apply to this situation for example? Could anyone clarify briefly the differences in theory and in practice?